Kinnikinnick

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Taxonomy

Division:
Magnoliophyta | - Flowering plants
Family:
Ericaceae
Genus:
Arctostaphylos
Species:
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Growth Characteristics

Life Cycle:
Perennial
Growth Habit:
Shrub , Subshrub
Height:
1-2 ft
Light Requirements:
Full Sun, Part Shade, Shade
Drought Tolerance:
High
Bloom Months:
mar, apr, may, jun
Bloom Colors:
White, Pink
Ground Cover:
Yes
Lawn Substitute:
Yes
Evergreen Shrub:
Yes

Native Range

United States: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming, Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon

Keystone Species Ranking

Caterpillar Keystone:
★★☆☆☆ Based on number of butterfly and moth species using this genus as host plant (Source: National Wildlife Federation)
Bee Keystone:
★★★★☆ Based on number of native bee species using this genus for pollen and nectar (Source: National Wildlife Federation)

Host Plant for Caterpillars

Aethaloida packardaria, black-banded epelis (Epelis truncataria), Cocoa Emerald (Ematurga amitaria), Elegant Sheep Moth (Hemileuca eglanterina), Epinotia arctostaphylana, Mendocino saturnia moth (Saturnia mendocino), Rhopobota finitimana, Brown Elfin (Incisalia augustinus), Freija fritillary (Clossiana freija), Hoary Elfin (Incisalia polia)

Reported Fauna Sightings

Bees: Black-tailed bumble bee (Bombus melanopygus), Black-tailed bumble bee (Bombus melanopygus), Brown-belted bumble bee (Bombus griseocollis), Brown-belted bumble bee (Bombus griseocollis), Central bumble bee (Bombus centralis), Central bumble bee (Bombus centralis), Fernald cuckoo bumble bee (Bombus flavidus), Fernald cuckoo bumble bee (Bombus flavidus), Hunt's bumble bee (Bombus huntii), Hunt's bumble bee (Bombus huntii), Obscure bumble bee (Bombus caliginosus), Obscure bumble bee (Bombus caliginosus), Red-belted bumble bee (Bombus rufocinctus), Red-belted bumble bee (Bombus rufocinctus), Sitka bumble bee (Bombus sitkensis), Sitka bumble bee (Bombus sitkensis), Tri-colored bumble bee (Bombus ternarius), Tri-colored bumble bee (Bombus ternarius), Two-form bumble bee (Bombus bifarius), Two-form bumble bee (Bombus bifarius), van Dyke bumble bee (Bombus vandykei), van Dyke bumble bee (Bombus vandykei), Western bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis), Western bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis), Yellow head bumble bee (Bombus flavifrons), Yellow head bumble bee (Bombus flavifrons), Yellow-faced bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii), Yellow-faced bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii) Butterflies:Arctic White (Pieris angelika), Arctic White (Pieris angelika), Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (Pterourus canadensis), Green Comma (Polygonia faunus), Green Comma (Polygonia faunus), Large Marble (Euchloe ausonides), Large Marble (Euchloe ausonides), Milbert's Tortoiseshell (Aglais milberti), Milbert's Tortoiseshell (Aglais milberti), Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa), Northern Marble (Euchloe creusa), Northern Marble (Euchloe creusa)

Soil Requirements

Soil Type:
sandy, acidic, nutrient-poor soil
pH:
4.5 - 6.0 (acidic to slightly acidic)
Drainage:
excellent drainage required
Moisture:
dry to moderate
Notes:
prefers open, sunny locations with poor soil fertility

Germination Information

Pre-treatment: For seeds: Scarification with boiling water or sulfuric acid, followed by stratification at room temperature for 2-4 months and cold storage for 2-3 months. For cuttings: Trim to 10-15 cm lengths, remove one third leaves from base, treat with 2,000-3,000 ppm liquid IBA, and place in mistbed with bottom heat at 21C.

Establishment: Cuttings have higher germination rates than seeds. For best results, use donor branches that are prostrate to the soil line or slightly buried by duff. These often have pre-formed root initials and enough stored stem tissue reserves to survive overwintering conditions. Time of collection for cuttings reflects poor access to this ground cover in winter months more than anything else.

Source: npn.rngr.net