Red Baneberry

Actaea rubra

Native to:
Canada, Labrador, Prince Edward I., United States

📍 View on iNaturalist →

Taxonomy

Division:
Magnoliophyta | - Flowering plants
Family:
Ranunculaceae
Genus:
Actaea
Species:
Actaea rubra
USDA Symbol:
ACRU2

Growth Characteristics

Life Cycle:
Perennial
Growth Habit:
Forb/herb
Height:
90 cm
Light Requirements:
Full Sun,Part Shade,Shade
Drought Tolerance:
Medium
Bloom Months:
apr,may,jun
Bloom Colors:
white

Wildlife Benefits

Caterpillars:
★☆☆☆☆ Recorded caterpillar host plant (HOSTS Database)

Keystone Species Ranking

Caterpillar Keystone:
★☆☆☆☆ Butterfly & moth species supported by this genus (NWF)

Host Plant for Caterpillars

Eupithecia cimicifugata, Eupithecia strattonata

Garden & Ecology Notes

Wildlife Value:
birds, small mammals
Deer Resistant:
Yes
Fall Color:
yellow

Soil Requirements

Soil Type:
rich, well-drained loamy soil
pH:
5.0 - 6.5 (acidic to slightly acidic)
Drainage:
good drainage required
Moisture:
consistently moist
Notes:
Prefers shaded woodland areas

Propagation & Germination

Stratification:
Warm then cold/moist stratification (double dormancy) — 60–120 days
Germination Time:
30–365 days
Notes:
Seeds have double dormancy requiring warm stratification followed by cold stratification. Germination may be delayed to second spring.

The above propagation data sourced from Claude AI

Pre-treatment: Seeds are mixed with equal amount of perlite or vermiculite and a small amount of water in a Ziploc-style bag or a small Rubbermaid-style container. The mixture is placed in cold moist stratification (33-42 degree F) for at least five months, or up to 112 days.

Establishment: Seeds are collected by hand from locally native plants within the eastern central Upper Peninsula. Berries on individual plants do not ripen simultaneously. Berries are harvested in August. The fruit is a red, or rarely white, berry and is reputed to be poisonous. The plant is found in rich mixed and coniferous forests and swamps with aspen, oak, cedar, spruce, fir, hemlock or tamarack with average moisture. It prefers rich, well drained loam (ph 5-6) and light to medium shade.

Source: npn.rngr.net

ORGHPS Germination Guide: Sow immediately, Either the viability of these seeds is short or the species propagates best with fresh seed. Stored seed might be coaxed into germination with temperature cycling and patience. Use repeated cycles of 4°C, then 20°C for 3 months each. Germination is very prolonged. Pulpy coat inhibits germination. Remove by soaking and rinsing in clean water for approximately 7 days. Discard water. * seedlings must be grown at less than 20° and can overwinter at -20°, prick out while small, seed is viable for at least 6m

Source: Ontario Rock Garden & Hardy Plant Society