Black Hawthorn

Crataegus douglasii

Black Hawthorn

The original uploader was G716 at English Wikipedia.

Taxonomy

Division:
Magnoliophyta | - Flowering plants
Family:
Rosaceae
Genus:
Crataegus
Species:
Crataegus douglasii

Growth Characteristics

Life Cycle:
Perennial
Growth Habit:
Shrub , Tree
Height:
20-40 ft
Light Requirements:
Full Sun, Part Shade, Shade
Drought Tolerance:
High
Bloom Months:
may, jun
Bloom Colors:
White

Native Range

United States: Alaska, California, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan

Keystone Species Ranking

Caterpillar Keystone:
★☆☆☆☆ Based on number of butterfly and moth species using this genus as host plant (Source: National Wildlife Federation)

Host Plant for Caterpillars

Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata), Blinded Sphinx (Paonias excaecata), brown-tipped selenia (Selenia alciphearia), Dimorphic Euchlaena Moth (Euchlaena mollisaria), Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), fragile dagger moth (Acronicta fragilis), funeral dagger moth (Acronicta funeralis), George's pinion (Lithophane georgii), Morning-glory prominent moth (Schizura ipomoeae), Radcliffe's dagger moth (Acronicta radcliffei), Rusty Tussock Moth (Orgyia antiqua), Synaxis jubararia, Waved Sphinx (Ceratomia undulosa), Western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californica), Pale Swallowtail (Papilio eurymedon)

Reported Fauna Sightings

Bees: Yellow-faced bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii), Yellow-faced bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii)

Soil Requirements

Soil Type:
rich, well-drained loamy soil
pH:
5.5 - 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
Drainage:
tolerates poor drainage
Moisture:
consistently moist
Notes:
prefers riparian zones and wetland edges

Germination Information

Pre-treatment: Seeds are washed 3:1 Water/Hydrogen Peroxide for 20 minutes followed by a 48 to 72 hour running water soak. Seeds are then placed into a 90 to 120 day cold, moist stratification in milled sphagnum peat moss in a ventilated container under refrigeration set at 1 to 3C. Alternatively, seeds can be stratified naturally by planting them in the fall in a thin layer of sand on mulched field beds.

Establishment: Seeds are collected in late summer and early fall when fruit turns dark purple. Seeds are tan at maturity. Fruits are collected in plastic bags and kept under refrigeration prior to cleaning. Seeds can also be wild collected during fall months and are kept separated according to site, elevation and source. Small lot collection is also possible.

Source: npn.rngr.net