Taxonomy

Division:

Magnoliophyta | - Flowering plants

Family:

Verbenaceae

Genus:

Verbena

Species:

Verbena carolina

USDA Symbol:

VEPO4

Growth Characteristics

Height:

60 cm

Drought Tolerance:

Medium

Bloom Months:

may,jun,jul,aug,sep,oct

Bloom Colors:

pink, purple, lavender

Wildlife Benefits

Bees:

★☆☆☆☆ Documented bee visitation (GBIF)

Butterflies & Moths:

★☆☆☆☆ Documented Lepidoptera association (GBIF)

Garden & Ecology Notes

Wildlife Value:

bees, butterflies

Deer Resistant:

Yes

Fire Ecology:

Fire adapted — tolerates or benefits from fire

Fire Notes:

Resprouts from rootstock following fire; associated with fire-maintained prairies and open woodlands.

Propagation & Germination

Stratification:

Cold/moist stratification required — 30–60 days

Germination Time:

14–28 days

Notes:

Seeds may germinate erratically; light may improve germination rates.