Western Brackenfern

Pteridium aquilinum

Taxonomy

Division:
Pteridophyta | - Ferns
Family:
Dennstaedtiaceae
Genus:
Pteridium
Species:
Pteridium aquilinum

Growth Characteristics

Life Cycle:
Perennial
Growth Habit:
Forb/herb
Height:
4-6 ft
Light Requirements:
Part Shade, Shade
Drought Tolerance:
Medium
Bloom Colors:
Not Applicable

Native Range

United States: Alaska, Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming, Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec

Keystone Species Ranking

Caterpillar Keystone:
★★★★☆ Based on number of butterfly and moth species using this genus as host plant (Source: National Wildlife Federation)

Host Plant for Caterpillars

black-headed fireworm (Sparganothis pilleriana), bracken borer moth (Papaipema pterisii), California Tussock Moth (Leptarctia californiae), Callopistria cordata, Callopistria mollissima, Eueretagrotis perattentus, Euplexia benesimilis, fringed homochlodes moth (Homochlodes fritillaria), Garden Tiger Moth (Arctia caja), Hitched Arch (Melanchra adjuncta), Homochlodes lactispargaria, Melanchra assimilis, Olethreutes osmundana, Paradiarsia littoralis, Philedia punctomacularia, Spilosoma pteridis, Variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia)

Soil Requirements

Soil Type:
sandy, acidic, nutrient-poor soil
pH:
4.5 - 6.5 (acidic to slightly acidic)
Drainage:
excellent drainage required
Moisture:
dry to moderate
Notes:
commonly found in open woodlands and heathlands

Germination Information

Pre-treatment: Collect spores from the surface of paper and surface sow in sterilized flats filled with sterile, finely milled peat moss that has been moistened with distilled water. Water spores with distilled water and seal flats with clear plastic wrap to seal in moisture and prevent fungal contamination. Place sealed flats in greenhouse set at 75/55 16/8 day/night temperature cycle.

Establishment: A unique characteristic of bracken fern is that the sterile (non-spore bearing frond) frond margins are covered by inrolled 'false' indusium that contains no spores. Collectors must be able to distinguish between fertile spore bearing fronds and non-fertile fronds. Collect spores just as the indusium begins to lift and spores become visible underneath.

Source: npn.rngr.net